diff --git a/t.c b/t.c
index fbb28ab..5b7129a 100644
--- a/t.c
+++ b/t.c
@@ -37,11 +37,13 @@ int64 writecb(int64 fd,const void* buf,uint64 n) {
 }
 
 int main(int argc,char* argv[]) {
+#if 0
   io_batch* b=iob_new(1234);
   int64 fd=open("t.c",0);
   iob_addbuf(b,"fnord",5);
   iob_addfile_close(b,fd,0,7365);
   iob_write(1,b,writecb);
+#endif
 #if 0
   char dest[1024];
   unsigned long len;
@@ -310,5 +312,16 @@ int main(int argc,char* argv[]) {
   rdtscl(c);
   printf("%lu %lu\n",b-a,c-b);
 #endif
+#if 1
+  unsigned long size;
+  char* buf=mmap_read(argv[1],&size);
+  if (buf) {
+    unsigned int x=fmt_urlencoded2(0,buf,size,"x");
+    unsigned int y;
+    char* tmp=malloc(x+1);
+    y=fmt_urlencoded2(tmp,buf,size,"x");
+    write(1,tmp,x);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
diff --git a/textcode.h b/textcode.h
index 96c1abf..e38c806 100644
--- a/textcode.h
+++ b/textcode.h
@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@
 unsigned long fmt_uuencoded(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 unsigned long fmt_base64(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
+unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme);
 unsigned long fmt_urlencoded(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
+unsigned long fmt_urlencoded2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme);
 unsigned long fmt_yenc(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 unsigned long fmt_hexdump(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 /* this changes '<' to '&lt;' and '&' to '&amp;' */
 unsigned long fmt_html(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 /* change '\' to "\\", '\n' to "\n", ^A to "\x01" etc */
 unsigned long fmt_cescape(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
+unsigned long fmt_cescape2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme);
 /* fold awk whitespace to '_'; this is great for writing fields with
  * white spaces to a log file and still allow awk to do log analysis */
 unsigned long fmt_foldwhitespace(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len);
@@ -37,6 +40,9 @@ unsigned long scan_cescape(const char *src,char *dest,unsigned long *destlen);
 int fmt_to_sa(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long),
 	      stralloc* sa,const char* src,unsigned long len);
 
+int fmt_to_sa2(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long,const char*),
+	      stralloc* sa,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme);
+
 /* arg 1 is one of the scan_* functions from above */
 /* return number of bytes scanned */
 unsigned long scan_to_sa(unsigned long (*func)(const char*,char*,unsigned long*),
@@ -51,6 +57,10 @@ unsigned long scan_to_sa(unsigned long (*func)(const char*,char*,unsigned long*)
 #define fmt_html_sa(sa,src,len) fmt_to_sa(fmt_html,sa,src,len)
 #define fmt_cescape_sa(sa,src,len) fmt_to_sa(fmt_cescape,sa,src,len)
 
+#define fmt_quotedprintable2_sa(sa,src,len,escapeme) fmt_to_sa2(fmt_quotedprintable2,sa,src,len,escapeme)
+#define fmt_urlencoded2_sa(sa,src,len,escapeme) fmt_to_sa2(fmt_urlencoded2,sa,src,len,escapeme)
+#define fmt_cescape2_sa(sa,src,len,escapeme) fmt_to_sa2(fmt_cescape2,sa,src,len,escapeme)
+
 #define scan_uuencoded_sa(src,sa) scan_to_sa(scan_uuencoded,src,sa)
 #define scan_base64_sa(src,sa) scan_to_sa(scan_base64,src,sa)
 #define scan_quotedprintable_sa(src,sa) scan_to_sa(scan_quotedprintable,src,sa)
@@ -68,6 +78,12 @@ void fmt_to_array(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long),
 void fmt_tofrom_array(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long),
 		      array* dest,array* src);
 
+void fmt_to_array2(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long,const char*),
+		  array* a,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme);
+
+void fmt_tofrom_array2(unsigned long (*func)(char*,const char*,unsigned long,const char*),
+		      array* dest,array* src,const char* escapeme);
+
 unsigned long scan_to_array(unsigned long (*func)(const char*,char*,unsigned long*),
 			    const char* src,array* dest);
 
diff --git a/textcode/fmt_cescape.c b/textcode/fmt_cescape.c
index 369e478..cc6efe2 100644
--- a/textcode/fmt_cescape.c
+++ b/textcode/fmt_cescape.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "str.h"
 #include "haveinline.h"
 
-unsigned long fmt_cescape(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+unsigned long fmt_cescape2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme) {
   register const unsigned char* s=(const unsigned char*) src;
   unsigned long written=0,i;
   char c;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ unsigned long fmt_cescape(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
 	written+=2;
 	break;
     default:
-	if (s[i]<' ') {
+	if (s[i]<' ' || escapeme[str_chr(escapeme,s[i])]==s[i]) {
 	  if (dest) {
 	    dest[written]='\\';
 	    dest[written+1]='x';
@@ -44,3 +44,7 @@ unsigned long fmt_cescape(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
   }
   return written;
 }
+
+unsigned long fmt_cescape(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+  return fmt_cescape2(dest,src,len,"");
+}
diff --git a/textcode/fmt_quotedprintable.c b/textcode/fmt_quotedprintable.c
index c330947..eb7d81c 100644
--- a/textcode/fmt_quotedprintable.c
+++ b/textcode/fmt_quotedprintable.c
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #include "fmt.h"
 #include "textcode.h"
 #include "haveinline.h"
+#include "str.h"
 
-unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme) {
   register const unsigned char* s=(const unsigned char*) src;
   unsigned long written=0,i;
   for (i=0; i<len; ++i) {
-    if (s[i]&0x80 || s[i]=='=') {
+    if (s[i]&0x80 || s[i]<' ' || s[i]=='=' || escapeme[str_chr(escapeme,s[i])]==s[i]) {
       if (dest) {
 	dest[written]='=';
 	dest[written+1]=fmt_tohex(s[i]>>4);
@@ -19,3 +20,7 @@ unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len)
   }
   return written;
 }
+
+unsigned long fmt_quotedprintable(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+  return fmt_quotedprintable2(dest,src,len,"");
+}
diff --git a/textcode/fmt_urlencoded.c b/textcode/fmt_urlencoded.c
index 8f2dcd8..32a0dd5 100644
--- a/textcode/fmt_urlencoded.c
+++ b/textcode/fmt_urlencoded.c
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ static inline int issafe(unsigned char c) {
 	  safe[str_chr(safe,c)]);
 }
 
-unsigned long fmt_urlencoded(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+unsigned long fmt_urlencoded2(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len,const char* escapeme) {
   register const unsigned char* s=(const unsigned char*) src;
   unsigned long written=0,i;
   for (i=0; i<len; ++i) {
-    if (!issafe(s[i])) {
+    if (!issafe(s[i]) || escapeme[str_chr(escapeme,s[i])]==s[i]) {
       if (dest) {
 	dest[written]='%';
 	dest[written+1]=fmt_tohex(s[i]>>4);
@@ -28,3 +28,7 @@ unsigned long fmt_urlencoded(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
   }
   return written;
 }
+
+unsigned long fmt_urlencoded(char* dest,const char* src,unsigned long len) {
+  return fmt_urlencoded2(dest,src,len,"");
+}