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VLMCSD(8) KMS Activation Manual VLMCSD(8)
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NAME
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vlmcsd - a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server
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SYNOPSIS
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vlmcsd [ options ]
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DESCRIPTION
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vlmcsd is a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server that provides product
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activation services to clients. It is meant as a drop-in replacement
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for a Microsoft KMS server (Windows computer with KMS key entered). It
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currently supports KMS protocol versions 4, 5 and 6.
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vlmcsd is designed to run on POSIX compatible operating systens. It
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only requires a basic C library with a BSD-style sockets API and either
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fork(2) or pthreads(7). That allows it to run on most embedded systems
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like routers, NASes, mobile phones, tablets, TVs, settop boxes, etc.
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Some efforts have been made that it also runs on Windows.
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Although vlmcsd does neither require an activation key nor a payment to
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anyone, it is not meant to run illegal copies of Windows. Its purpose
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is to ensure that owners of legal copies can use their software without
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restrictions, e.g. if you buy a new computer or motherboard and your
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key will be refused activation from Microsoft servers due to hardware
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changes.
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vlmcsd may be started via an internet superserver like inetd(8) or
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xinetd(8) as well as an advanced init system like systemd(8) or
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launchd(8) using socket based activation. If vlmcsd detects that
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stdin(3) is a socket, it assumes that there is already a connected
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client on stdin that wants to be activated. All options that control
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setting up listening sockets will be ignored when in inetd mode.
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OPTIONS
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Since vlmcsd can be configured at compile time, some options may not be
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available on your system.
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All options that do no require an argument may be combined with a sin‐
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gle dash, for instance "vlmcsd -D -e" is identical to "vlmcsd -De". For
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all options that require an argument a space between the option and the
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option argument is optional. Thus "vlmcsd -r 2" and "vlmcsd -r2" are
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identical too.
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-h or -?
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Displays help.
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-L ipaddress[:port]
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Instructs vlmcsd to listen on ipaddress with optional port
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(default 1688). You can use this option more than once. If you
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do not specify -L at least once, IP addresses 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and
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:: (IPv6) are used. If the IP address contains colons (IPv6) you
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must enclose the IP address in brackets if you specify the
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optional port, e.g. [2001:db8::dead:beef]:1688.
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If no port is specified, vlmcsd uses the default port according
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to a preceding -P option. If you specify a port, it can be a
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number (1-65535) or a name (usually found in /etc/services if
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not provided via LDAP, NIS+ or another name service).
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If you specify a link local IPv6 address (fe80::/10, usually
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starting with fe80::), it must be followed by a percent sign (%)
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and a scope id (=network interface name or number) on most
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unixoid OSses including Linux, Android, MacOS X and iOS, e.g.
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fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%eth0 or
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[fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%2]:1688. Windows (including cygwin)
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does not require a scope id unless the same link local address
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is used on more than one network interface. Windows does not
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accept a name and the scope id must be a number.
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-P port
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Use TCP port for all subsequent -L statements that do not
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include an optional port. If you use -P and -L, -P must be spec‐
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ified before -L.
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-4 and -6
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Used to control the use of IPv4 and IPv4 if you did not use -L.
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If you specify both -4 and -6 or none, vlmcsd uses both proto‐
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cols. If you specify only one, that protocol will be used only.
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These options are deprecated and will be removed.
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-I This option is deprecated and does nothing. It is provided for
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compatibility with svn681 and earlier versions only. It will be
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removed in a future release.
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-t seconds
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Timeout the TCP connection with the client after seconds sec‐
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onds. After sending an activation request. RPC keeps the TCP
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connection for a while. The default is 30 seconds. You may spec‐
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ify a shorter period to free ressources on your device faster.
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This is useful for devices with limited main memory or if you
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used -m to limit the concurrent clients that may request activa‐
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tion. Microsoft RPC clients disconnect after 30 seconds by
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default. Setting seconds to a greater value does not make much
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sense.
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-m concurrent-clients
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Limit the number of clients that will be handled concurrently.
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This is useful for devices with limited ressources or if you are
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experiencing DoS attacks that spawn thousands of threads or
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forked processes. If additional clients connect to vlmcsd, they
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need to wait until another client disconnects. If you set con‐
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current-clients to a small value ( <10 ), you should also select
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a reasonable timeout of 2 or 3 seconds with -t. The default is
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no limit.
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-d Disconnect each client after processing one activation request.
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This is a direct violation of DCE RPC but may help if you
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receive malicous fake RPC requests that block your threads or
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forked processes. Some other KMS emulators (e.g. py-kms) behave
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this way.
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-k Do not disconnect clients after processing an activation
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request. This selects the default behavior. -k is useful only if
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you used an ini file (see vlmcsd.ini(5) and -i). If the ini file
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contains the line "DisconnectClientsImmediately = true", you can
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use this switch to restore the default behavior.
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-N0 and -N1
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Disables (-N0) or enables (-N1) the use of the NDR64 transfer
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syntax in the RPC protocol. Unlike Microsoft vlmcsd supports
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NDR64 on 32-bit operating systems. Microsoft introduced NDR64 in
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Windows Vista but their KMS servers started using it with Win‐
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dows 8. Thus if you choose random ePIDs, vlmcsd will select
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ePIDs with build numbers 9200 and 9600 if you enable NDR64 and
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build numbers 6002 and 7601 if you disable NDR64. The default is
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to enable NDR64.
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-B0 and -B1
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Disables (-B0) or enables (-B1) bind time feature negotiation
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(BTFN) in the RPC protocol. All Windows operating systems start‐
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ing with Vista support BTFN and try to negotiate it when initi‐
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ating an RPC connection. Thus consider turning it off as a debug
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/ troubleshooting feature only. Some older firewalls that selec‐
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tively block or redirect RPC traffic may get confused when they
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detect NDR64 or BTFN.
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-l filename
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Use filename as a log file. The log file records all activations
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with IP address, Windows workstation name (no reverse DNS
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lookup), activated product, KMS protocol, time and date. If you
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do not specify a log file, no log is created. For a live view of
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the log file type tail -f file.
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If you use the special filename "syslog", vlmcsd uses syslog(3)
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for logging. If your system has no syslog service (/dev/log)
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installed, logging output will go to /dev/console. Syslog log‐
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ging is not available in the native Windows version. The Cygwin
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version does support syslog logging.
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-D Normally vlmcsd daemonizes and runs in background (except the
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native Windows version). If -D is specified, vlmcsd does not
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daemonize and runs in foreground. This is useful for testing and
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allows you to simply press <Ctrl-C> to exit vlmcsd.
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The native Windows version never daemonizes and always behaves
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as if -D had been specified. You may want to install vlmcsd as a
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service instead. See -s.
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-e If specified, vlmcsd ignores -l and writes all logging output to
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stdout(3). This is mainly useful for testing and debugging and
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often combined with -D.
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-f This flag combines -D and -e. So typing "vlmcsd -f" is identical
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to "vlmcsd -De". The purpose of -f is to provide compatibility
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with previous versions of vlmcsd. This option is deprecated and
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will be removed.
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-v Use verbose logging. Logs every parameter of the base request
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and the base response. It also logs the HWID of the KMS server
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if KMS protocol version 6 is used. This option is mainly for
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debugging purposes. It only has an effect if some form of log‐
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ging is used. Thus -v does not make sense if not used with -l,
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-e or -f.
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-q Do not use verbose logging. This is actually the default behav‐
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ior. It only makes sense if you use vlmcsd with an ini file (see
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-i and vlmcsd.ini(5)). If the ini file contains the line
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"LogVerbose = true" you can use -q to restore the default behav‐
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ior.
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-p filename
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Create pid file filename. This has nothing to do with KMS ePIDs.
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A pid file is a file where vlmcsd writes its own process id.
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This is used by standard init scripts (typically found in
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/etc/init.d). The default is not to write a pid file.
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-u user and -g group
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Causes vlmcsd to run in the specified user and group security
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context. The main purpose for this is to drop root privileges
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after it has been started from the root account. To use this
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feature from cygwin you must run cyglsa-config and the account
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from which vlmcsd is started must have the rights "Act as part
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of the operating system" and "Replace a process level token".
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The native Windows version does not support these options.
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The actual security context switch is performed after the TCP
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sockets have been created. This allows you to use privileged
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ports (< 1024) when you start vlmcsd from the root account.
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However if you use an ini, pid or log file, you must ensure that
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the unprivileged user has access to these files. You can always
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log to syslog(3) from an unprivileged account on most platforms
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(see -l).
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-w ePID
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Use ePID as Windows ePID. If specified, -r is disregarded for
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Windows.
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-0 ePID
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Use ePID as Office 2010 ePID (including Project and Visio). If
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specified, -r is disregarded for Office 2010.
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-3 ePID
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Use ePID as Office 2013/2016 ePID (including Project and Visio).
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If specified, -r is disregarded for Office 2013/2016.
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-H HwId
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Use HwId for all products. All HWIDs in the ini file (see -i)
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will not be used. In an ini file you can specify a seperate HWID
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for each application-guid. This is not possible when entering a
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HWID from the command line.
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HwId must be specified as 16 hex digits that are interpreted as
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a series of 8 bytes (big endian). Any character that is not a
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hex digit will be ignored. This is for better readability. The
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following commands are identical:
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vlmcsd -H 0123456789ABCDEF
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vlmcsd -H 01:23:45:67:89:ab:cd:ef
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vlmcsd -H "01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF"
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-i filename
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Use configuration file (aka ini file) filename. Most configura‐
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tion parameters can be set either via the command line or an ini
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file. The command line always has precedence over configuration
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items in the ini file. See vlmcsd.ini(5) for the format of the
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configuration file.
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If vlmcsd has been compiled to use a default configuration file
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(often /etc/vlmcsd.ini), you may use -i- to ignore the default
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configuration file.
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-r0, -r1 (default) and -r2
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These options determine how ePIDs are generated if
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- you did not sprecify an ePID in the command line and
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- you haven't used -i or
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- the file specified by -i cannot be opened or
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- the file specified by -i does not contain the application-guid
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for the KMS request
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-r0 means there are no random ePIDs. vlmcsd simply issues
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default ePIDs that are built into the binary at compile time.
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Pro: behaves like real KMS server that also always issues the
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same ePID. Con: Microsoft may start blacklisting again and the
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default ePID may not work any longer.
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-r1 instructs vlmcsd to generate random ePIDs when the program
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starts or receives a SIGHUP signal and uses these ePIDs until it
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is stopped or receives another SIGHUP. Most other KMS emulators
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generate a new ePID on every KMS request. This is easily
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detectable. Microsoft could just modify sppsvc.exe in a way that
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it always sends two identical KMS requests in two RPC requests
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but over the same TCP connection. If both KMS responses contain
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the different ePIDs, the KMS server is not genuine. -r1 is the
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default mode. -r1 also ensures that all three ePIDs (Windows,
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Office 2010 and Office 2013) use the same OS build number and
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LCID (language id).
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If vlmcsd has been started by an internet superserver, -r1 works
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identically to -r2. This is simply due to the fact that vlmcsd
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is started upon a connection request and does not stay in memory
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after servicing a KMS request.
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-r2 behaves like most other KMS server emulators with random
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support and generates a new random ePID on every request. Use
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this mode with "care". However since Microsoft currently does
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not seem to do any verification of the ePID, you currently don't
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need to pay attention to ePIDs at all.
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-C LCID
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Do not randomize the locale id part of the ePID and use LCID
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instead. The LCID must be specified as a decimal number, e.g.
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1049 for "Russian - Russia". This option has no effect if the
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ePID is not randomized at all, e.g. if it is selected from the
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command line or an ini file.
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By default vlmcsd generates a valid locale id that is recognized
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by .NET Framework 4.0. This may lead to a locale id which is
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unlikely to occur in your country, for instance 2155 for "Quecha
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- Ecuador". You may want to select the locale id of your country
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instead. See MSDN ⟨http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/
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bb964664.aspx⟩ for a list of valid LCIDs. Please note that some
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of them are not recognized by .NET Framework 4.0.
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Most other KMS emulators use a fixed LCID of 1033 (English -
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US). To achive the same behavior in vlmcsd use -C 1033.
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-R renewal-interval
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Instructs clients to renew activation every renewal-interval.
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The renewal-interval is a number optionally immediately followed
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by a letter indicating the unit. Valid unit letters are s (sec‐
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onds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days) and w (weeks). If you do
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not specify a letter, minutes is assumed.
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-R3d for instance instructs clients to renew activation every 3
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days. The default renewal-interval is 10080 (identical to 7d and
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1w).
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Due to poor implementation of Microsofts KMS Client it cannot be
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guaranteed that activation is renewed on time as specfied by the
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-R option. Don't care about that. Renewal will happen well
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before your activation expires (usually 180 days).
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Even though you can specify seconds, the granularity of this
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option is 1 minute. Seconds are rounded down to the next multi‐
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ple of 60.
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-A activation-interval
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Instructs clients to retry activation every activation-interval
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if it was unsuccessful, e.g. because it could not reach the
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server. The default is 120 (identical to 2h). activation-inter‐
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val follows the same syntax as renewal-interval in the -R
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option.
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-s Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service. This option only works
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with the native Windows version and Cygwin. Combine -s with
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other command line options. These will be in effect when you
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start the service. The service automatically starts when you
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reboot your machine. To start it manually, type "net start vlm‐
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csd".
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If you use Cygwin, you must include your Cygwin system DLL
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directory (usually C:\Cygwin\bin or C:\Cygwin64\bin) into the
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PATH environment variable or the service will not start.
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You can reinstall the service anytime using vlmcsd -s again,
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e.g. with a different command line. If the service is running,
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it will be restarted with the new command line.
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When using -s the command line is checked for basic syntax
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errors only. For example "vlmcsd -s -L 1.2.3.4" reports no error
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but the service will not start if 1.2.3.4 is not an IP address
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on your system.
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-S Uninstalls the vlmcsd service. Works only with the native Win‐
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dows version and Cygwin. All other options will be ignored if
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you include -S in the command line.
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-U [domain\]username
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Can only be used together with -s. Starts the service as a dif‐
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ferent user than the local SYSTEM account. This is used to run
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the service under an account with low privileges. If you omit
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the domain, an account from the local computer will be used.
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You may use "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService". This is a pseudo user
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with low privileges. You may also use "NT AUTHORITY\LocalSer‐
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vice" which has more privileges but these are of no use for run‐
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ning vlmcsd.
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Make sure that the user you specify has at least execute permis‐
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sion for your executable. "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" normally
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has no permission to run binaries from your home directory.
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For your convenience you can use the special username "/l" as a
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shortcut for "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" and "/n" for "NT
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AUTHORITY\NetworkService". "vlmcsd -s -U /n" installs the ser‐
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vice to run as "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService".
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-W password
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Can only be used together with -s. Specifies a password for the
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corresponding username you use with -U. SYSTEM, "NT AUTHOR‐
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ITY\NetworkService", "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" do not require
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a password.
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If you specify a user with even lower privileges than "NT
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AUTHORITY\NetworkService", you must specify its password. You
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also have to grant the "Log on as a service" right to that user.
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SIGNALS
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The following signals differ from the default behavior:
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SIGTERM, SIGINT
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These signals cause vlmcsd to exit gracefully. All global sema‐
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phores and shared memory pages will be released, the pid file
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will be unlinked (deleted) and a shutdown message will be
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logged.
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SIGHUP Causes vlmcsd to be restarted completely. This is useful if you
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started vlmcsd with an ini file. You can modify the ini file
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while vlmcsd is running and then sending SIGHUP, e.g. by typing
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"killall -SIGHUP vlmcsd" or "kill -SIGHUP `cat /var/run/vlm‐
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csd.pid`".
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The SIGHUP handler has been implemented relatively simple. It is
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virtually the same as stopping vlmcsd and starting it again
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immediately with the following exceptions:
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— The new process does not get a new process id.
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— If you used a pid file, it is not deleted and recreated
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because the process id stays the same.
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— If you used the 'user' and/or 'group' directive in an ini
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file these are ignored. This is because once you switched to
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lower privileged users and groups, there is no way back. Any‐
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thing else would be a severe security flaw in the OS.
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Signaling is not available in the native Windows version and in the
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Cygwin version when it runs as Windows service.
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SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS
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vlmcsd compiles and runs on Linux, Windows (no Cygwin required but
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explicitly supported), Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly
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BSD, Minix, Solaris, OpenIndiana, Android and iOS. Other POSIX or
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unixoid OSses may work with unmodified sources or may require minor
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porting efforts.
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SUPPORTED PRODUCTS
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vlmcsd can answer activation requests for the following products: Win‐
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dows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows
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Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows
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Server 2012 R2, Office 2010, Project 2010, Visio 2010, Office 2013,
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Project 2013, Visio 2013, Office 2016, Project 2016, Visio 2016.
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Office, Project and Visio must be volume license versions.
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FILES
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vlmcsd.ini(5)
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EXAMPLES
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vlmcsd -f
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Starts vlmcsd in foreground. Useful if you use it for the first
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time and want to see what's happening when a client requests
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activation.
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vlmcsd -l /var/log/vlmcsd.log
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Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and logs everything to /var/log/vlm‐
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csd.log.
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vlmcsd -L 192.168.1.17
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Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and listens on IP address 192.168.1.17
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only. This is useful for routers that have a public and a pri‐
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vate IP address to prevent your KMS server from becoming public.
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vlmcsd -s -U /n -l C:\logs\vlmcsd.log
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Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service with low privileges and
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logs everything to C:\logs\vlmcsd.log when the service is
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started with "net start vlmcsd".
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BUGS
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An ePID specified in an ini file must not contain spaces.
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The maximum number of -L options in the command line or listen state‐
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ments in the inifile is the platform default for FD_SETSIZE. This is 64
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on Windows and 1024 on most Unixes.
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AUTHOR
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Written by crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contributions from
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DougQaid.
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CREDITS
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Thanks to CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87, qad, Rati‐
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borus, ...
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SEE ALSO
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vlmcsd.ini(5), vlmcsd(7), vlmcs(1), vlmcsdmulti(1)
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Hotbird64 September 2015 VLMCSD(8)
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