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VLMCSD.INI(5) KMS Activation Manual VLMCSD.INI(5)
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NAME
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vlmcsd.ini - vlmcsd KMS emulator configuration file
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SYNOPSIS
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vlmcsd.ini
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DESCRIPTION
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vlmcsd.ini (or simply called the "ini file") is a configuration file
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for vlmcsd(8). By default vlmcsd does not use a configuration file. It
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is completely optional and for advanced users only. You must use the -i
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option on the vlmcsd command line to use an ini file. There is no
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default name or default location for the ini file.
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Everything, that can be configured in the ini file, may also be speci‐
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fied on the command line. Any configuration option specified on the
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command line takes precedence over the respective configuration line in
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the ini file.
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Benefits of a configuration file
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While you can use the configuration file to simply modify the default
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behavior of vlmcsd, it can also be used to change the configuration of
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vlmcsd after you sent a HUP signal(7). Whenever you send SIGHUP, the
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configuration file will be re-read. Any changes you made to the ini
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file will be reflected after vlmcsd received the hangup signal.
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Differences between command line and configuration file
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If you specify an illegal option or option argument on the command
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line, vlmcsd displays help and exits. If you specify an incorrect key‐
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word or argument in the ini file, vlmcsd displays a warning with some
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information, ignores the respective line and continues. This is inten‐
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tional and prevents vlmcsd from aborting after a SIGHUP if the configu‐
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ration was modified incorrectly.
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SYNTAX
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vlmcsd.ini is a UTF-8 encoded text file with each line being in the
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format keyword = argument. The keyword is not case-sensitive. The argu‐
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ment is treated literally. It is neither required nor allowed to
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enclose the argument in any form of quote characters except when quote
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characters are part of the argument itself. Whitespace characters are
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ignored only
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- at the beginning of a line
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- between the keyword and '='
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- between '=' and the argument
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Lines, that start with '#' or ';' are treated as comments. Empty lines
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are ignored as well. If a keyword is repeated in another line, vlmcsd
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will use the argument of the last occurence of the keyword. An excep‐
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tion to this is the Listen keyword which can be specified multiple
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times and causes vlmcsd to listen on more than one IP address and/or
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port.
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Some arguments are binary arguments that need to be either TRUE or
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FALSE. You can use "Yes", "On" or "1" as an alias for TRUE and "No",
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"Off" or "0" as an alias for FALSE. Binary arguments are case-insensi‐
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tive.
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KEYWORDS
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The following keywords are defined (not all keywords may be available
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depending on the operating system and the options used when vlmcsd(8)
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was compiled):
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Listen This defines on what combinations of IP addresses and ports vlm‐
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csd should listen. Listen can be specified more than once. The
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argument has the form ipaddress[:port]. If you omit the port,
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the default port of 1688 is used. If the ipaddress contains
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colons and a port is used, you must enclose the ipaddress in
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brackets. The default is to listen to 0.0.0.0:1688 and [::]:1688
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which means listen to all IPv4 and all IPv6 addresses. See the
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-L option in vlmcsd(8) for more info about the syntax. If you
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use -L or -P on the command line, all Listen keywords in the ini
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file will be ignored. The Listen keyword cannot be used if vlm‐
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csd has been compiled to use Microsoft RPC (Windows and Cygwin
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only) or simple sockets.
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Examples:
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Listen = 192.168.1.123:1688
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Listen = 0.0.0.0:1234
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Listen = [fe80::1721:12ff:fe81:d36b%eth0]:1688
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Port Can only be used if vlmcsd has been compiled to use simple sock‐
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ets or on Windows and Cygwin if vlmcsd(8) has been compiled to
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use Microsoft RPC. Otherwise you must use Listen instead. Causes
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vlmcsd to listen on that port instead of 1688.
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FreeBind
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Can be TRUE or FALSE. If TRUE, you can use the Listen keyword
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with IP addresses that are currently not defined on your system.
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vlmcsd(8) will start listening on these IP addresses as soon as
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they become available. This keyword is only available under
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Linux and FreeBSD because no other OS currently supports that
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feature. FreeBSD supports this only for IPv4 and requires the
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PRIV_NETINET_BINDANY privilege which is normally assigned to
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proccesses of the root user.
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PublicIPProtectionLevel
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Set the level of protection against KMS activations from public
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IP addresses.
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0 = No protection (default)
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1 = Listen on private IP addresses only (plus those specified by
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one or more Listen statements)
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2 = Disconnect clients with public IP addresses without activat‐
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ing
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3 = Combines 1 and 2
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For details on public IP protection levels see vlmcsd(8) command
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line option -o.
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VPN Has to be in the form vpn-adapter-name[=ipv4-address][/cidr-
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mask][:dhcp-lease-duration].
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Enables a compatible VPN adapter to create additional local IPv4
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addresses (like 127.0.0.1) that appear as remote IPv4 addresses
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to the system. This allows product activation using a local
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instance of vlmcsd. This feature is only available in Windows
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and Cygwin builds of vlmcsd since it is not of any use on other
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operating systems. Compatible VPN adapters are Tap-windows ver‐
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sion 8.2 or higher (from OpenVPN) and the TeamViewer VPN
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adapter. There is a special vpn-adapter-name. A single period
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(.) instructs vlmcsd to use the first available compatible VPN
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adapter. The vpn-adapter-name is not case-sensitive. If the vpn-
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adapter-name contains spaces (e.g. Ethernet 3), do not enclose
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it in quotes.
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The default ipv4-address is 10.10.10.9 and the default cidr-mask
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is 30. If you are using the default values, your VPN adapter
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uses an IPv4 address of 10.10.10.9 and you can set your activa‐
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tion client to use the easy to remember address 10.10.10.10
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(e.g. slmgr /skms 10.10.10.10 or cscript ospp.vbs
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/sethst:10.10.10.10).
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The dhcp-lease-duration is a number optionally followed by s, m,
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h, d or w to indicate seconds, minutes, hours, days or weeks.
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The default dhcp-lease-duration is 1d (one day). It is normally
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not required to change this value.
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It is advised not to manually configure your OpenVPN TAP or
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TeamViewer VPN adapter in "Network Connections". If you set the
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IPv4 configuration manually anyway, the IPv4 address and the
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subnet mask must match the VPN= directive. It is safe leave the
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IPv4 configuration to automatic (DHCP). vlmcsd will wait up to
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four seconds for the DHCP configuration to complete before bind‐
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ing to and listenin on any interfaces.
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You should be aware that only one program can use a VPN adapter
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at a time. If you use the TeamViewer VPN adapter for example,
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you will not be able to use the VPN feature of TeamViewer as
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long as vlmcsd is running. The same applies to OpenVPN TAP
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adapters that are in use by other programs (for example OpenVPN,
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QEMU, Ratiborus VM, aiccu, etc.). The best way to avoid con‐
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flicts is to install Tap-Windows from OpenVPN, cd to C:\Program
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Files\TAP-Windows\bin and run addtap.bat to install an addi‐
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tional TAP adapter. Go to "Network Connections" and rename the
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new adapter to "vlmcsd" and specify VPN=vlmcsd to use it.
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ExitLevel
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Can be either 0 (the default) or 1. Controls under what circum‐
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stances vlmcsd will exit. Using the default of 0 vlmcsd stays
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active as long as it can perform some useful operations. If vlm‐
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csd is run by any form of a watchdog, e.g. NT service manager
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(Windows), systemd (Linux) or launchd (Mac OS / iOS), it may be
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desirable to end vlmcsd and let the watchdog restart it. This is
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especially true if some pre-requisites are not yet met but will
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be some time later, e.g. network is not yet fully setup.
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By using ExitLevel = 0 vlmcsd will
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exit if none of the listening sockets specified with -L can
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be used. It continues if at least one socket can be setup
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for listening.
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exit any TAP mirror thread (Windows version only) if there
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is an error condition while reading or writing from or to
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the VPN adapter but continue to work without utilizing a
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VPN adapter.
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By using ExitLevel = 1 vlmcsd will
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exit if not all listening sockets specified with -L can be
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used.
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exit completely if there is a problem with a VPN adapter it
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is using. This may happen for instance if the VPN adapter
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has been disabled using "Control Panel - Network - Adapter
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Settings" while vlmcsd is using it.
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Please note that ExitLevel = 1 is kind of a workaround option.
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While it may help under some circumstances, it is better to
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solve the problem at its origin, e.g. properly implementing
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dependencies in your startup script to ensure all network inter‐
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faces and the VPN adapter you will use are completely setup
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before you start vlmcsd.
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UseNDR64
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Can be TRUE or FALSE. Specifies whether you want to use the
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NDR64 transfer syntax. See options -n0 and -n1 in vlmcsd(8). The
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default is TRUE.
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UseBTFN
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Can be TRUE or FALSE. Specifies whether you want to use bind
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time feature negotiation in RPC. See options -b0 and -b1 in vlm‐
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csd(8). The default is TRUE.
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RandomizationLevel
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The argument must 0, 1 or 2. This specifies the ePID randomiza‐
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tion level. See options -r0, -r1 and -r2 in vlmcsd(8). The
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default randomization level is 1. A RandomizationLevel of 2 is
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not recommended and should be treated as a debugging level.
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LCID Use a specific culture id (LCID) even if the ePID is randomized.
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The argument must be a number between 1 and 32767. While any
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number in that range is valid, you should use an offcial LCID. A
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list of assigned LCIDs can be found at http://msdn.micro‐
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soft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964664.aspx. On the command line you
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control this setting with option -C.
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MaxWorkers
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The argument specifies the maximum number of worker processes or
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threads that will be used to serve activation requests concur‐
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rently. This is the same as specifying -m on the command line.
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Minimum is 1. The maximum is platform specific and is at least
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32767 but is likely to be greater on most systems. The default
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is no limit.
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ConnectionTimeout
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Used to control when the vlmcsd disconnects idle TPC connec‐
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tions. The default is 30 seconds. This is the same setting as -t
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on the command line.
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DisconnectClientsImmediately
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Set this to TRUE to disconnect a client after it got an activa‐
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tion response regardless whether a timeout has occured or not.
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The default is FALSE. Setting this to TRUE is non-standard
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behavior. Use only if you are experiencing DoS or DDoS attacks.
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On the command line you control this behavior with options -d
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and -k.
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PidFile
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Write a pid file. The argument is the full pathname of a pid
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file. The pid file contains is single line containing the
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process id of the vlmcsd process. It can be used to stop
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(SIGTERM) or restart (SIGHUP) vlmcsd. This directive can be
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overriden using -p on the command line.
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LogFile
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Write a log file. The argument is the full pathname of a log
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file. On a unixoid OS and with Cygwin you can use the special
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filename 'syslog' to log to the syslog facility. This is the
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same as specifying -l on the command line.
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KmsData
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Use a KMS data file. The argument is the full pathname of a KMS
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data file. By default vlmcsd only contains the minimum product
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data that is required to perform all operations correctly. You
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may use a more complete KMS data file that contains all detailed
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product names. This is especially useful if you are logging KMS
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requests. If you don't log, there is no need to load an external
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KMS data file.
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You may use KmsData = - to prevent the default KMS data file to
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be loaded.
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LogDateAndTime
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Can be TRUE or FALSE. The default is TRUE. If set to FALSE, log‐
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ging output does not include date and time. This is useful if
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you log to stdout(3) which is redirected to another logging
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mechanism that already includes date and time in its output, for
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instance systemd-journald(8). If you log to syslog(3), LogDate‐
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AndTime is ignored and date and time will never be included in
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the output sent to syslog(3). Using the command line you control
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this setting with options -T0 and -T1.
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LogVerbose
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Set this to either TRUE or FALSE. The default is FALSE. If set
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to TRUE, more details of each activation will be logged. You use
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-v and -q in the command line to control this setting. LogVer‐
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bose has an effect only if you specify a log file or redirect
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logging to stdout(3).
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WhitelistingLevel
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Can be 0, 1, 2 or 3. The default is 0. Sets the whitelisting
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level to determine which products vlmcsd activates or refuses.
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0: activate all products with an unknown, retail or
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beta/preview KMS ID.
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1: activate products with a retail or beta/preview KMS ID
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but refuse to activate products with an unknown KMS ID.
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2: activate products with an unknown KMS ID but refuse
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products with a retail or beta/preview KMS ID.
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3: activate only products with a known volume license RTM
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KMS ID and refuse all others.
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The SKU ID is not checked. Like a genuine KMS server vlmcsd
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activates a product that has a random or unknown SKU ID. If you
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select 1 or 3, vlmcsd also checks the Application ID for cor‐
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rectness. If Microsoft introduces a new KMS ID for a new prod‐
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uct, you cannot activate it if you used 1 or 3 until a new ver‐
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sion of vlmcsd is available.
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CheckClientTime
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Can be TRUE or FALSE. The default is FALSE. If you set this to
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TRUE vlmcsd(8) checks if the client time differs no more than
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four hours from the system time. This is useful to prevent emu‐
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lator detection. A client that tries to detect an emulator could
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simply send two subsequent request with two time stamps that
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differ more than four hours from each other. If both requests
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succeed, the server is an emulator. If you set this to TRUE on a
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system with no reliable time source, activations will fail. It
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is ok to set the correct system time after you started vlm‐
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csd(8).
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MaintainClients
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Can be TRUE or FALSE (the default). Disables (FALSE) or enables
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(TRUE) maintaining a list of client machine IDs (CMIDs). TRUE is
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useful to prevent emulator detection. By maintaing a CMID list,
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vlmcsd(8) reports current active clients exactly like a genuine
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KMS emulator. This includes bug compatibility to the extent that
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you can permanently kill a genuine KMS emulator by sending an
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"overcharge request" with a required client count of 376 or more
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and then request activation for 671 clients. vlmcsd(8) can be
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reset from this condition by restarting it. If FALSE is used,
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vlmcsd(8) reports current active clients as good as possible. If
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no client sends an "overcharge request", it is not possible to
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detect vlmcsd(8) as an emulator with MaintainClients = FALSE.
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Maintaining clients requires the allocation of a buffer that is
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about 50 kB in size. On hardware with few memory resources use
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it only if you really need it.
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If you start vlmcsd(8) from an internet superserver, this set‐
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ting cannot be used. Since vlmcsd(8) exits after each activa‐
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tion, it cannot maintain any state in memory.
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StartEmpty
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This setting is ignored if you do not also specify Maintain‐
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Clients = TRUE. If you specify FALSE (the default), vlmcsd(8)
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starts up as a fully "charged" KMS server. Clients activate
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immediately. StartEmpty = TRUE lets you start up vlmcsd(8) with
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an empty CMID list. Activation will start when the required min‐
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imum clients (25 for Windows Client OSses, 5 for Windows Server
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OSses and Office) have registered with the KMS server. As long
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as the minimum client count has not been reached, clients end up
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in HRESULT 0xC004F038 "The count reported by your Key Management
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Service (KMS) is insufficient. Please contact your system admin‐
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istrator". You may use vlmcs(1) or another KMS client emulator
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to "charge" vlmcsd(8). Setting this parameter to TRUE does not
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improve emulator detection prevention. It's primary purpose is
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to help developers of KMS clients to test "charging" a KMS
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server.
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ActivationInterval
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This is the same as specifying -A on the command line. See vlm‐
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csd(8) for details. The default is 2 hours. Example: Activation‐
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Interval = 1h
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RenewalInterval
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This is the same as specifying -R on the command line. See vlm‐
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csd(8) for details. The default is 7 days. Example: RenewalIn‐
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terval = 3d. Please note that the KMS client decides itself when
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to renew activation. Even though vlmcsd sends the renewal inter‐
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val you specify, it is no more than some kind of recommendation
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to the client. Older KMS clients did follow the recommendation
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from a KMS server or emulator. Newer clients do not.
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User Run vlmcsd as another, preferrably less privileged, user. The
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argument can be a user name or a numeric user id. You must have
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the required privileges (capabilities on Linux) to change the
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security context of a process without providing any credentials
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(a password in most cases). On most unixoid OSses 'root' is the
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only user who has these privileges in the default configuration.
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This setting is not available in the native Windows version of
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vlmcsd. See -u in vlmcsd(8). This setting cannot be changed on
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the fly by sending SIGHUP to vlmcsd.
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Group Run vlmcsd as another, preferrably less privileged, group. The
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argument can be a group name or a numeric group id. You must
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have the required privileges (capabilities on Linux) to change
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the security context of a process without providing any creden‐
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tials (a password in most cases). On most unixoid OSses 'root'
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is the only user who has these privileges in the default config‐
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uration. This setting is not available in the native Windows
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version of vlmcsd. See -g in vlmcsd(8). This setting cannot be
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changed on the fly by sending SIGHUP to vlmcsd.
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Windows
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The argument has the form ePID [ / HwId ]. Always use ePID and
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HwId for Windows activations. If specified, RandomizationLevel
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for Windows activitations will be ignored.
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Office2010
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The argument has the form ePID [ / HwId ]. Always use ePID and
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HwId for Office 2010 activations. If specified, Randomization‐
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Level for Office 2010 activitations will be ignored.
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Office2013
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The argument has the form ePID [ / HwId ]. Always use ePID and
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HwId for Office 2013 activations. If specified, Randomization‐
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Level for Office 2013 activitations will be ignored.
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Office2016
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The argument has the form ePID [ / HwId ]. Always use ePID and
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HwId for Office 2016 activations. If specified, Randomization‐
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Level for Office 2016 activitations will be ignored.
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VALID EPIDS
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The ePID is currently a comment only. You can specify any string up to
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63 bytes. In Windows 7 Microsoft has blacklisted few ( < 10 ) ePIDs
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that were used in KMSv5 versions of the "Ratiborus Virtual Machine".
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Microsoft has given up on blacklisting when KMS emulators appeared in
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the wild.
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Even if you can use "Activated by cool hacker guys" as an ePID, you may
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wish to use ePIDs that cannot be detected as non-MS ePIDs. If you don't
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know how these "valid" ePIDs look like exactly, do not use GUIDS in
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vlmcsd.ini. vlmcsd provides internal mechanisms to generate valid
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ePIDs.
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If you use non-ASCII characters in your ePID (you shouldn't do anyway),
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these must be in UTF-8 format. This is especially important when you
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run vlmcsd on Windows or cygwin because UTF-8 is not the default encod‐
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ing for most editors.
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If you are specifying an optional HWID it follows the same syntax as in
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the -H option in vlmcsd(8) ecxept that you must not enclose a HWID in
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quotes even if it contains spaces.
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FILES
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vlmcsd.ini(5)
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AUTHOR
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vlmcsd(8) was written by crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contri‐
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butions from DougQaid.
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CREDITS
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Thanks to CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87, qad, Rati‐
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borus, ...
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SEE ALSO
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vlmcsd(8), vlmcsd(7), vlmcs(1), vlmcsdmulti(1)
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Hotbird64 January 2017 VLMCSD.INI(5)
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